I draw boxes

June 18, 2010

The user experience of the World Cup

Filed under: General musings,Service design,Usability,User Experience — Chris @ 11:34 am
England v Algeria, Cape Town

England v Algeria gets underway in Cape Town.

As I write this I’m coming to the end of a great week in South Africa where I’ve been watching the World Cup in Cape Town. It’s occurred to me that the World Cup is so successful because it gets the basics right and is so well organised. Here I’ve decided to share a few of the aspects I think are particularly important.

The beautiful game

I’m going to start by stating the obvious: the World Cup is successful because of the success of association football – or soccer. And I believe soccer is so successful because of its simplicity – fundamentally the game has one rule (don’t use your hands) and one aim (get the ball in to the goal). This incredibly simple format makes it accessible to everyone. You don’t need a degree to understand the rules or a vast array of expensive equipment to begin. The “jumpers for goalposts” game of soccer takes place across the world – I saw no less than 5 games of soccer being played as we drove past a township outside Cape Town. It is truly the game of the people.

In my experience FIFA try to keep to this level of simplicity as much as possible – no video replays for referees, no ‘hawk-eye’ 3D replays, no different scoring system depending on how far out you shoot from (an idea I heard once originating from the States). They try and keep the games that take place in stadiums as close as possible to the games that take place in parks, and I fully agree with this.

World Cup location boarding

The world cup venues are clearly shown during each match to give the viewers at home a sense of 'visiting' the host country.

Competition format

The competition format is absolutely key to the success of the tournament. The group stage ensures any team that qualifies will get a reasonable number of games (3) before going home, so any visit by travelling fans is worthwhile. The fact that 64 games are played over four weeks is unique in world football, and the clever format of the competition means that only one drawing of teams is necessary to define the matches for the entire tournament (thus making the ‘world cup wallchart’ possible). Wherever possible games are played at individual times (when no other games are taking place) to allow for maximum viewers.

Also, FIFA does not hide the fact that the World Cup does not necessarily feature the best 32 teams in the world. It prioritises the fact that it is a worldwide competition and arranges the qualification groups by continent and global region rather than by the best teams, making it truly a global tournament. This helps ensure a worldwide participation and audience even if the teams are not always the best. However, the qualification system still means that in theory any team could reach the World Cup if they play well enough. This holds true with another fundamental tenet of association football: if you’re good enough you can succeed at the highest level regardless of the size of your club or nation.

Stadium camera

A new overhead camera for the 2010 World Cup allows for great shots for the viewers at home (shown below).

Broadcast experience

The World Cup is expected to achieve a cumulative worldwide audience of 26 billion people. This level of success is largely due to the enjoyment of the game itself, the scheduling, and the broadcast product. A new camera (highlighed in the photograph on the right) was introduced for this tournament, suspended from near-invisible wires above the pitch to achieve fantastic shots from above the players (also shown right). The camera is manouverable to virtually any point within the bowl of the stadium. Home 3D technology is also being pioneered by Sony.

Overhead camera view

View from the new overhead camera - Brazil v Ivory Coast.

The fact that the games take place across the host nation means that they can be scheduled one after another – enabling the armchair fan to take in 3 games per day during the group stages. It also means travelling fans get to see a number of venues within the host country if they want to follow their team. Significantly, the venue for each match is displayed on the advertising boards next to the centre line so the fans watching on television can clearly see where the game is being played. Without this the games could easily blend in to one experience for the television viewer. This valuable advertising space is given up by FIFA to enhance the overall user experience of the competition – the feeling of visiting a country for the viewers at home.

Related to this, I was disappointed to see the the BBC World Cup home page does not allow the user to browse matches by location – its main navigation is ‘groups & teams’ and ‘fixtures & results’. Neither of these offer the ability to browse by stadium that I can see. I appreciate that the BBC is largely targeting UK-based fans but as a fan travelling to Cape Town I was disappointed to see that I couldn’t find out which matches were being played there.

World Cup 2010 ticket

The ticket design caused problems for visiting fans because the match title was not prominently displayed.

Travelling fans

The travelling fans are the other large audience group for the World Cup, and ticketing is a major operation. Unfortunately there have been empty seats in South African stadiums and I think FIFA need to look at some kind of waiting list system to reallocate these in future. I had a number of friends who stayed at home because they could not get tickets.

The initial ticket sales take place in an online lottery. While this worked well, any online system comes with the inherent restrictions to people without internet access, credit cards or bank accounts. This was particularly a problem for African residents, and eventually FIFA opened up the ticketing to cash purchases. This is a good thing and I think they should try to expand this in future. Glastonbury festival has the same problem with ticketing, while the online lottery is fair up to a point it inherently excludes certain users and Glasto nowadays is far less diverse than it has been in the past.

Another small point relates to the design of the tickets themselves. We were told about problems where fans have presented the wrong tickets by accident and thereby invalidated their tickets for future games. This is a symptom of the fact that the name of the game is printed quite small and tickets look very similar. In the frenzied stadium checkpoint scenario it is easy for an official to invalidate (tear off) the wrong ticket. Simply making the match details printed on the ticket much larger would help fix this.

Conclusion

My first experience at a World Cup was in Germany in 2006. Since then I got the bug – and seeing how excited the entire country of South Africa has been this time makes me feel really happy about what it’s done for the country. Sepp Blatter made it his mission to bring the tournament to South Africa and I think few would criticise him.

Yes, the cynics say it can attract crime, is commercialised, benefits big buisinss and generates a lot of money for a relatively small number of people. But credit where it’s due – FIFA run the world game of soccer with a strong element of control (unified rules) and manage this event virtually flawlessly every four years. And it doesn’t happen by accident.

April 17, 2010

Consultancy skills training

Filed under: General musings — Chris @ 10:27 am

Tea break at Sunningdale

Over the last couple of days I attended a consultancy skills training course run by my employer, EMC Consulting. It was a 2-day residential course set in the very smart grounds of Sunningdale Park, near Ascot in Berkshire. Around fifteen consultants from across the company attended, and most of us had never met before.

The course was run by managing consultant Tim Barker, who has been with the company for ten years. He was flanked a glamorous assistant on each day (also managing consultants), Siobhan Dowst and Linda Pakuls. Tim’s style was very direct and engaging, and he made us feel valued as contributors straight away by encouraging us to share our experiences as consultants throughout the course.

Much of the course was on presentation techniques, but we started with an overview of who EMC Consulting are and how we each fit in to this huge organisation. In my experience this is a much discussed and little understood subject, particularly amongst new employees. In short, EMC decided to move in to consultancy, and acquired a number of consulting companies in the UK to achieve this. I now have a much better understanding of the heritage of the company than I did before the course, and this gives me a little warm feeling inside. I’ve now met people from other divisions of EMC Consulting and that helps too.

Next we were asked to split in to groups and some presentations, one on Agile vs Waterfall project management, and one on the EMC Consulting Interactive Media team (of which I am a member). These went off fairly painlessly.

Working on our presentationWe then moved on to the main event which was to deliver a pitch for the website rebuild for a sandwich delivery company. This culminated in possibly the worst presentation I have ever been involved in. We failed to even get our files on to the same computer and so ended up swapping the projector cable around mid-pitch. Bad times. We also spectacularly ignored the advice to ‘keep it simple’ and spent ages getting in to loads of unnecessary detail which wasted time. We couldn’t even manage an EMC Consulting logo on the slides.

Laurel and hardy, eat your heart out. Tim was understandably unforgiving and declared that he was ‘very disappointed’ with both presentations.

After this traumatic experience we finished for the day and checked in to our very nice hotel rooms. Then we went for a wine-fuelled dinner and free bar afterwards which was full of various people in suits getting drunk at their companies’ expense. A good time was had by all.

The next day we had sessions on giving and receiving feedback, Belbin team theory and personality types and also a review of the day before. I got some feedback on my presenting style which was generally positive but I noted the following:

  • Avoid apologetic or indecisive language – ‘probably’ and ‘maybe’ should be replaced by simple statements
  • Maintain eye contact when you’re addressing someone directly

Overall the course was possibly the most enjoyable training course I’ve been on. The interactive style and genuine value placed on our own experiences was great. It was hard work and pushed many of us. But the fact that the company should invest so positively in its staff is really great – there aren’t many employers that I know who would put staff up in a hotel for 2 days and lay on such a good course.

March 22, 2010

The inaugural UX People

Filed under: General musings,User Experience — Chris @ 7:18 pm

Today I attended the first ever UX People event in London. The venue was the lovely King’s Place, a new entertainment and conference venue by the Grand Union canal. It was organised by Zebra People, a recruitment consultancy specialising in user experience recruitment.

King's Place conference venueI’ll whizz through the presentations and workshops, just giving a few throughts. Incidentally, this was the first event I’d ever twittered at (having recently caved in and joined twitter) and I did actually enjoy being part of the live feed of information, or conversation, that twitter enables. See the conversation about the UX People event here.

First up was Jason Mesut of The Team with some of his, erm, team. They were all talking about the importance of collaboration when doing UX work. This is a theme that’s been around the year dot (see JJG’s 9 pillars diagram) but I was particularly interested in Will Bloor’s thoughts around the journey graphic designers have come on over the past 15 years – from being in control of virtually the whole web creative process, then conceding quite a lot of their role to user experience designers & IAs, and finally getting a lot of it back with roles such as Creative Director or Creative Lead who work collaboratively. I’ve always thought that designers and information architects arguing over whether the designers just ‘colour in’ wireframes was a negative and unproductive debate.

View from King's PlaceNext up was Darren Evans talking about future trends in digital, for example LG’s recent unveiling of ePaper. There were a few titbits for thought here.

Then we had Robert Fein of Grand Union talking about the fact that communication underpins the work that we do – if we don’t communicate clearly then we’re wasting our time. He emphasised the value of the work we do, how to communicate this to stakeholders as well as stressing the importance of producing deliverables of the highest quality.

Finally, Jason Buck then discussed working at speed. He showed a series of techniques for producing quick and dirty (but actually very useful) outputs and also talked about the importance of under promising and over delivering – if you achieve things quickly people will respect your ability and ask for you to come back. In a way this links quite nicely with Robert’s themes of producing demonstrable value to clients.

UX People presentationIn the afternoon I had two workshops, one from Jason Buck on storytelling and from Robert Fein on pitching UX. I found both informative and enjoyable.

Overall it was a very good day, held in a lovely venue with good networking opportunites and informative talks. I’d say over time the curation style of the event will develop and possibly themes for each event, but for now it’s a great stake in the ground. The fact that it’s not-for-profit and relatively affordable sets it apart from other events and I think will see it grow in the future.

November 22, 2009

Working with Bunnyfoot

Filed under: General musings,Usability,User Experience — Chris @ 3:48 pm

Today I’m working with Bunnyfoot, a user experience and usability testing agency at their head office in Didcot, Oxfordshire.

It’s interesting for me to visit the company’s labs, as I’ve had quite a bit of contact with them over the years. Firstly when I was at VisitLondon.com, they did the user personas and usability testing for the site. (Personas are characters that represent the users of a web site, their goals, needs, motivations and desires). Personas also look at the entire user journey or experience outside the site and detail the role the site plays for that user. Typically 4-8 personas are created for a project and they are based on audience research including surveys, telephone interviews and face to face chats.

The personas were printed up into A2 posters and displayed around the Visit London office to remind the development team of the target audiences for the site. The personas had names such as “young backpacker” or “luxury vacationer from america” and showed information such as the interests, user needs and online goals for that audience. I really liked the work and ended up using the posters as inspiration for some persona work I did last year for Marie Curie Cancer Care. They provide a great tangible deliverable for the client and look really nice, as well as containing an important, concise summary of your user research.

November 2, 2009

Life as a consultant

Filed under: General musings — Chris @ 6:54 pm

I’ve just finished my first 2 months working as a consultant. On 1st September 2009 I started work at EMC Consulting, the number 2 digital agency in the UK (according to the NMA top 100 list). Life as a consultant definitely seems different to working in an agency. I’ve jotted down a few of the differences here.

There’s no messing around – you have to be delivering the goods from day one

1. Working on-site with clients

This is the key difference for me – as a consultant you’re actually working with the client in their offices a lot of the time. The teams on the client-side tend to be web producers who oversee the projects and budgets and call in consultants to do the specialist work.

This means that you’re very much seen as the expert, and as an expensive resource. So there’s no messing around – you have to be delivering the goods and adding value from day one.
You’re also a more independent operator than at an agency. Moving from an agency to a consultancy almost feels to me like going from being at school to being an adult! I’m responsible for my work and output rather than being told what to do all the time. I can work from home if I need to, I can work at the London office, or I can work on client site. Whatever’s needed to get the job done.

The interactive media team consists of strategy, user experience, visual design and interface development

The model EMC Consulting use is the interactive media (IM) team consists of strategy, user experience, visual design and interface development. There are also hardcore back-end developers and technical architects who are in a separate division. Project managers and business analysts are organised into sector-specific teams, for example Retail, Media & Entertainment and Financial Services.

In my experience working on-site with clients results in much better communication between teams. Decisions are made quickly via a brief chat or over-the-shoulder show and tell, rather than lengthy emails or phone calls.

2. Changing projects

One of my colleagues here said that he feels like he has a new job every 6 months – and I know what he means. Once you become quite embedded on a client site for a couple of months or more, it becomes very much like that is your actual job. Which in a way it is, but you’re working for EMC Consulting all the time.
You can then be removed from a project quite suddenly and sent on to something else at short notice. You’re then going in to a brand new client and consultancy team, with all the challenges that a new job brings. You have to prove yourself and add value immediately while at the same time learning the client culture and the project.

It keeps things interesting, and personally I’m liking the variety at the moment, even if it is quite unstable/unsettling at times. I’m used to having a leaving do when I leave my friends at work, rather than just disappearing!

3. Bonus, on the bench & personal development

One of the big selling points of EMC Consulting when I joined was the personal development that in my mind they’re famous for. It certainly seems good to me so far – you have personal development goals every quarter which are logged by your line manager and you get some of your bonus based on whether you complete them or not.

When you’re on client site all your hours are directly billable to the client – so timesheeting is really important because it directly relates to invoices that are sent out. When you’re not on a project you’re what’s known as ‘on the bench’ – free to work on new business opportunities, or your own personal development, or just generally come up with ideas.

This seems like a really progressive approach to me. In a training session the other day we were discussing the concept of ‘slack time’, and how companies such as Google have become successful partly by letting their employees have some downtime to come up with their own ideas. I’m going to try and read up on this more.

4. Technology centred?

When I first accepted the job, one of the representatives from the other roles I turned down warned me that she thought the world of consultancy was too technology-centred. Although she was not referring to EMC Consulting directly but to consulting in general, she said:

“I know you’ve made your decision, but I have to say I’m always rather disappointed with the consultancy world – in my experience they tend to understand the theory of UCD, but are still driven by tech or business requirements. But then maybe that’s your challenge.”

Two months in and I do know what she means to a certain extent – the projects are very technical and business requirements do play a significant role in defining some of the projects I’ve worked on. Up to now, however, I have been able to successfully push the end user requirements and the client teams do understand that user experience is a priority in delivering successful systems.

The best way I can judge this as time goes on is by my frustration levels – if my suggestions are knocked-back repeatedly due to technical constraints (as has happened in the past in my career) I will be unhappy and feel like my work is not being valued. But this is not happening at the moment.

Ultimately I think websites will always be a merger of business requirements, user requirements and technology

Ultimately I think websites will always be a (beautiful?) merger of business requirements, user requirements and technology innovations and constraints. As a design team we all debate the features and design from our own point of view and produce a product which is ultimately released. There’s no point having a rose-tinted view of how products are produced – the reality is that businesses are paying for results, and the majority of the time user requirements are vital to achieving this. But sometimes business requirements or technical requirements have to take precedence.

The main thing is that the work I do is at the heart of the design and development process, enabling me to put the case for the end user at every opportunity. This is certainly the how it is at EMC Consulting.

5. Community day

Finally, community day is a show-and-tell day where the entire company get together every 6 weeks and share ideas. It’s a great way to meet all your colleagues (bearing in mind you’re all out on client site most of the time) and the presentations are largely interesting. Good stuff.

At EMC Consulting it feels like we’re doing some of the best work around

Summary

In summary, the world of consulting seems varied, interesting, and most importantly at EMC Consulting it feels like we’re doing some of the best work around. You do miss out on having a team who you see every day for years on end, but the flip side of this is that you get varied and challenging work week in, week out. The culture of ideas generation and sharing seems really positive to me.

July 24, 2008

The user experience of a toilet on South West Trains

Filed under: General musings,Product design,User Experience — Chris @ 5:21 pm

Whitney Hess’s recent post about the user experience of a staircase reminded me that user experience design is everywhere and affects us everyday. Don Norman’s seminal work The design of everyday things analyses the design of many objects, such as telephones and doors. I came across this terrible design recently and had to share it here.

There’s not a lot you ask for when using a toilet. A reasonably quiet, clean & private space will usually do – of course with a functioning lavatory.

We’ve all used the loo – or ‘restroom’ a million times, so you’d think it was not a difficult thing for designers to get right. They’ve had enough practice over the years.

Toilet door

Bog standard: a normal toilet door complete with lock, coat hook and roll

The user’s goals are quite simple: relieve myself in private, quickly and cleanly. We need a cubicle with a lockable door, preferably with a coat hook. The lock should ideally be some kind of obvious knob or handle that provides visual and/or tactile feedback to confirm it is successfully locked. The user can always pull or push the door a little to confirm that the door will not open.

There are rarely instructional signs or notices in a restroom – it’s obvious from the design of the elements along with our own experiences how to achieve our goals. The Please wash your hands reminder provides a different, ‘reminder’ function and is not instructional as such.

We’ve all used the restroom a million times, so you’d think it was not a difficult thing for designers to get right

A visual indicator on the outside of the door is a nice touch – it provides reassurance for the user that they will not have others pushing on the door; and it gives anyone sizing up the cubicle considering whether to try the door a clear indicator that the door is locked. A red/green indicator is common.

The key point is that privacy is a massive issue here. There should be no possibility of an embarrassing situation involving a user literally caught with their trousers down. It is unthinkable, particularly in the workplace but everywhere.

Toilet cubicle

Topographic view of a standard toilet cubicle

The standard toilet cubicle, such as the one shown here, has worked for centuries and is intuitive to use.

The toilets on South West Trains

So why, then, have the UK’s South West Trains got it so wrong? Their trains are otherwise great. They seem clean, fast, efficient and comfortable.

The toilets are an attempt to use a ‘high-tech’ system to operate the toilet. There is a large, rounded sliding door which is operated by buttons positioned on the outside and inside of the cubicle, as shown below:

South west trains toilet diagram

The design of a toilet on South West Trains

The buttons to enter the cubicle work ok. You have a set of Open and Close buttons, which are in the same style as the ones used to open the main train doors when boarding.

So you hit open, the door slides open, and you go inside. You have to look around for the close button because it is not immediately obvious where it is – it’s positioned opposite you as you enter, quite low down. The three buttons in a row are shown here.

Once you have located the close button the door slides shut, and the Lock button flashes slowly to indicate it needs to be pressed in order to lock the door. But this is far too subtle, and not intuitve. Consequently, it is very likely that the user will assume the door is locked and proceed with their business. Once the Lock button is pressed, the light stays solidly lit, as shown in the photo.

Buttons on South West Trains toilet

3 buttons for operating the toilet door

The key point is this: the feedback mechanism of the light on the lock button is not sufficient to communicate to the user that the door is locked or unlocked. By trying to emulate the door mechanism for the main train doors on the toilet doors the designers have made the toilets very difficult and unintuitive to use.

The net result is that it is very likely that embarrassing situations will occur. This is not the fault of the user but the designer.

I would question the need for a Lock button at all – as a user, when are you going to want to go in to a toilet cubicle and not lock the door? The designers should just make the door lock automatically – as the user might reasonably assume it has from the flashing light on the Lock button.

This is an example of very unfortunate bad design – not quite the Chernobyl incident cited in Norman’s The design of everyday things, but nonetheless a bad design that I bet has lead to hundreds or thousands of uncomfortable situations for users.

Update: I found Anders Ramsay’s article on New York City public toilet design. There’s also an OK/Cancel article on the usability of urinals.

July 7, 2008

Should IAs be involved thoughout the web development process?

A fundamental question for me relating to the information architect role is how we fit in to and interact with the wider web team, and to what extent IAs should be involved throughout the web process.

Information architecture is in many ways the ‘bridge’ between technology and design

My own opinion is that information architecture is in many ways the ‘bridge’ between technology and design – while keeping the user in mind. Therefore IAs should have input at every stage of the project.

Another view is that IA is simply another step in a linear process – a process that goes something like: Strategy > Requirements > IA > Visual design > Build > Test > Release. In this model the IA simply drops in at the beginning of the project, produces some documents, and then disappears as soon as the wireframes are handed over to the design team.

If an IA is doing his or her job well they will make sure they are at the centre of the project

I have worked on projects where both ways of working have been the norm. I think if an IA is doing his or her job well they will make sure they are at the centre of the project. But to do this takes a certain amount of confidence. We have to prove our worth within a team, and this often takes time.

The plain fact is that many web teams have been producing pretty good websites without information architects for many years, and will continue to do so unless we show we can add value.

But information architects are being hired. They seem to be in great demand to me – although there are relatively few roles in total (compared to say, designers) there are even fewer practitioners. So there are people who see value in our role. It’s more about shaping that role once we’re in the door and proving value in our interactions with all members of the team.

When faced with project managers or art directors who believe the ‘thanks for the wireframes, bye-bye’ approach, I think all we can do is try and offer insightful opinion when appropriate and mention that we’d like to be involved throughout the process.

I still believe fundamentally in the integrity of information architecture as a unique role

I still believe fundamentally in the integrity of information architecture as a unique role. We have skills that cross the traditional creative/technical boundaries, and while we are not specialists in these areas we can offer a degree of planning, consideration and communication that produces genuine savings in time and increase in quality of outcome.

This note would not be complete without mentioning Jesse James Garrett’s 9 pillars of successful web teams. His beautifully simple diagram and accompanying essay show information architecture (labelled as ‘abstract design’) as the central ‘pillar’ of a web team, touching every role within the team and providing links between strategy and tactics, and design and technology. Garrett is an IA himself, so he is naturally inclined to argue that IAs are central to any web project – but I agree, and it’s what initially attracted me to the role.

So if team members don’t initially see the value I (as an IA) can add to a project, then I see it as my responsibility to prove my worth to the extent that they seek out my opinion on key issues – and in the end produce a better product as a result. This may take time, but it’s about evolving the notion of a web team and making our own small contributions to the progression and acceptance of our role.

May 30, 2008

Raison d’être

Filed under: General musings,Information Architecture — Chris @ 1:59 pm

So this is my first post…

I’m not sure what this site will develop in to – if anything (useful). But I’ve created it because I think it’s important to share ideas relating to making and planning web sites. Information architecture is such a new and evolving discipline, I wanted to get involved in the community to let other know what it is to me, and to find out what it is to them.

I’ve created this blog because I think it’s important to share ideas and get involved in the community

I’ve been a full-time IA for nearly a year now, and in that time have come across such a variety of ways of practising the work. That’s partly what I love about the role – it’s quite fluid and multidisciplinary. Whereas project managers, designers or developers have their job specs fairly closely nailed down by now, I get the feeling IA is still being defined.

So on these pages I intend to share ideas on:

  • Day-to-day issues and problems I come across
  • Projects I’m working on (often this will have to be in the abstract, due to client confidentiality)
  • Discussions of past work and IA strategies
  • Things I’ve read online or heard at conferences
  • The nature of information architecture, usability and interaction design and the relationship between the three
  • The relationship between an IA and the rest of the web dev team, including: Project Managers, Account Managers, Clients, Front- and Back-End Developers, Graphic Designers, Analysts etc.
  • Share practical and techinical information about software and technology, including Visio, and also geeky stuff like LAMP

And so I draw boxes is born… I hope it becomes a reasonably interesting resource.

A brief note on the name…

The name of this site is blatantly inspired by Boxes and Arrows. I love the simplicity of the name because it encapsulates what I do for a living nicely – although of course spectacularly fails to communicate any of the thinking involved. But hopefully the rest of the site will do that.

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